Limited consideration of persons with disabilities in urban policy and planning

The Asia-Pacific region is home to more than 750 million persons with disabilities. Persons with disabilities experience multiple and intersecting forms of social, economic, and political exclusion, which leads to deprivation in access to education, clean water and sanitation, shelter, and wasted human and productive potential. The strains of institutional (affordable housing, services, land rights), structural (gender, age, ethnicity), and spatial (regional imbalance, mobility, congestion, recreation) inequalities are pushing the vulnerable, marginalized, and impoverished into intergenerational cycles of exclusion. Persons with disabilities are often not ‘planned for’ as the default intended users and inhabitants of cities and its public spaces, which is reflected in the planning, designing and maintenance of urban spaces and facilities. This is exacerbated by the lack of participatory and people-centric planning processes, as well as the absence of accurate disaggregated sex and disability data, especially concerning women and girls with disabilities. Accessibility initiatives in India often retain a narrow focus towards physical, and largely perceivable, disabilities such as locomotor disability, with limited emphasis on a cross-disability perspective.

Challenges of implementation and inter-department coordination

Focusing on the South Asian region, a key challenge is ensuring safe and inclusive cities in the context of rapid urbanization. Being the globe’s most populous region, the scale of urban growth implies that policymakers face challenges extending urban services and infrastructure across vast urban areas and populations. In this context, the missing link in the urban story is the inclusive and equitable growth wherein persons with disabilities are not adequately represented at various levels of decision-making in urban planning and governance. There is also a lack of coordination between different government departments, across different hierarchical levels, and they continue to operate in silos. Due to limited knowledge dissemination, resource allocation, limited disaggregated data collection and management, and capacity constraints, the implementation of schemes and incentives catered to persons with disabilities becomes fragmented.

Limited sensitisation, awareness, and capacity-building

There is a limited sensitisation, awareness, and technical capacity in understanding the diverse requirements of persons with disabilities, and how these requirements would be incorporated in the urban development agenda. This holds true both in the public sector as well as among private sector players involved in ground-level implementation. Moreover, the lack of digital accessibility is a serious concern for persons with disabilities, especially affecting women and girls with disabilities, already impacted by the digital gender gap. This was also felt during the pandemic, where access to essentials was contingent on access to digital ICT and services.

Stakeholder Engagement

Engaged in cross-country collaboration to establish a multi-stakeholders' network, including across national and local governments, policy and sector experts, and organizations of persons with disabilities.

Policy Advocacy

Conducted reviews and prepared policy recommendations for national and local governments to focus on disability inclusion in cities.

Digital Innovation

Facilitated Smart Solutions Challenge & Inclusive Cities Awards on a dedicated digital platform for encouraging start-ups and local governments to develop innovative solutions.

Capacity & Skill Building

Conducted sensitization workshops in schools for parents, teachers, special educators, school management authorities; organized accessibility audit trainings for officials and technical experts; and conducted peer-review meetings and stakeholder consultations.

Knowledge-Sharing

Developed and disseminated several regional and national policy review documents, e-learning modules, guides, and toolkits for urban practitioners and technical experts. 

This project is funded with the support of United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA). The project is led by UN-Habitat, in collaboration with United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) and United Nations Office of Information and Communications Technology (UNOICT).